4 easy tests to identify kidney disease early, based on expert advice

Rising Concern: Kidney Disease Awareness

Kidney diseases are increasingly concerning; medical research shows a significant uptick in cases. A recent study revealed that the number of individuals affected by kidney disease jumped from 78 million in 1990 to 788 million in 2023. Alarmingly, chronic kidney disease now ranks as the ninth leading cause of death.

Protecting kidney health is essential, and a few simple tests can help monitor their function. In an Instagram video, Dr. Arjun Sabharwal, a nephrologist with credentials from DY Patil School of Medicine in Mumbai and the Royal College of Physicians in the UK, underscored the importance of early detection through specific tests. These are valuable even for those who feel fine; regular testing can catch hidden issues before they escalate.

Key Kidney Function Tests

One of the primary tests is the blood creatinine test and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). According to Dr. Sabharwal, “Creatinine alone is just a number, while eGFR shows how well kidneys work.” eGFR provides a percentage indicating kidney function.

Another valuable measure is cystatin C, a protein that our cells produce. Normal levels suggest healthy kidney function, but elevated cystatin C can indicate problems. Dr. Sabharwal explains that “if you exercise a lot or have a muscular build, creatinine levels might be misleading. In such cases, cystatin C is often more accurate.”

Before kidney problems arise, there are often signs—such as protein leaking into the urine. A basic urine dipstick test can easily detect this issue. Healthcare providers use a chemically treated strip to test urine; color changes indicate the presence of albumin, a type of protein.

Understanding the Urine Protein-to-Creatinine Ratio

A urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) test helps assess how much protein is leaking into the urine. High protein levels can signify kidney trouble. This test typically requires collecting a urine sample for analysis.

If test results show abnormalities—like elevated urine PCR, rising creatinine levels, or blood in the urine dipstick—it’s crucial to consult a nephrologist. Dr. Sabharwal stresses that “dietary changes or home remedies won’t suffice in these cases.”