Ancient Roman Bathhouse Found Underwater in Naples
Recently, archaeologists in Italy uncovered an ancient Roman bathhouse lying submerged beneath the waters near Naples. It could possibly be linked to the renowned Roman orator, Marcus Tullius Cicero.
The discovery was announced by the Campi Flegrei Archaeological Park on August 6th. Although the site was initially identified earlier this year, it has only now been thoroughly documented.
In a post on Facebook, park officials shared that the thermal complex was located in Portos Julius, known historically as the first permanent Roman naval base.
These bath facilities are believed to have belonged to Cicero, who lived from 106 BC to 43 BC and was celebrated as a defender of the Roman Republic and for translating Greek philosophical texts into Latin.
The bathhouse dates back to 37 BC, predating the establishment of the naval base in the area. The connection to Cicero is based on historical documentation, which suggests that the baths could be from the villas tied to him.
“Current research hints at the possibility that these are indeed baths from Xelo’s villas mentioned in historical accounts,” one official noted.
Interestingly, the complex featured advanced engineering, including a system called suspensurae, designed to heat the mosaic floors. This, along with tubular structures along the walls, created a sauna-like experience, or Laconum.
The bathhouse sits about 10 feet underwater, offering a unique chance for archaeologists to investigate its heating systems and mosaics closely. They have already retrieved significant ceramic materials, which could shed light on both the construction and eventual destruction of the structure.
Continuing work this fall will focus on restoring parts of the mosaic floor, which is partially covered by mortar artifacts and remnants of murals.
Roman baths, historically essential as community spaces, are still being discovered across Europe and Asia. For instance, in Türkiye, archaeologists have found ancient Roman baths that preserve elements of their original design. Similarly, a church repurposed as a bathhouse was excavated in Rome’s Appian Way Regional Park.
