Psychological Intrusion: China’s Growing Influence in South Korea

At the end of October, a group dressed in what resembled Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) uniforms was spotted marching along the Han River in Seoul, South Korea. This event coincided with Chinese President Xi Jinping’s visit to Gyeongju for the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit. They carried a red flag and marched in unison, raising tensions and showcasing a bold display. This act of what some are calling ‘soft intrusion’ is particularly provocative, especially considering Seoul’s historical context of being liberated from communist forces during the Korean War over 70 years ago.

Is this a case of the Chinese government executing psychological warfare in South Korea? It certainly seems that way. Similar incidents have been occurring, seemingly aimed at normalizing China’s military presence and authority in the region. This particular march appears to be an attempt to introduce the PLA directly into the heart of Seoul, among other recent provocations that seem designed to gauge South Korean reactions. Each of these actions underscores a growing challenge to South Korea’s security and its long-standing alliance with the United States, forged during the fierce struggles of the Korean War.

According to Article 60 of South Korea’s constitution, the National Assembly must approve the presence of foreign troops on South Korean soil. Yet, local authorities remained inactive during these events, which could be interpreted as a form of complicity. Their silence allows symbols of Chinese military power to proliferate in the city, which can imply a troubling shift whereby Chinese influence overshadows local legislation. Over time, this could condition South Koreans to accept Chinese authority as an undeniable reality. This tactic—creating a visual advantage—is a common psychological strategy on display in Seoul.

Culture or Coercion?

Evidence suggests this type of intrusion reaches far beyond Seoul. It appears to fit into a larger, premeditated pattern. For instance, at the Yeoju Goknaru Autumn Festival, held at the end of October, the 81 flag was showcased as part of a “cultural exchange” performance. This flag, which is the official battle flag of the PLA, commemorates the founding of the Chinese Communist Party Army in 1927. Attendees were also presented with videos of Chinese troops marching on large screens, an act festival organizers later described as an administrative oversight. It’s difficult to accept that this could have been merely an oversight, given the nature of the event.

The PLA symbolizes political power—it’s integral to the Chinese Communist Party and not just a cultural entity. Thus, its appearance in Korean events may not be about cultural sharing but rather a sophisticated propaganda effort disguised as entertainment, potentially altering perceptions of allies and adversaries alike. These vivid displays can imperceptibly condition citizens to accept military imagery associated with potential adversaries.

Symbolic Conquests

This psychological warfare is becoming increasingly pervasive. A notable incident occurred in July 2025 when a tourist reported seeing a Chinese flag planted along the coast of Udo, Jeju Island. Initially, local authorities were slow to respond, only acting after public outcry. Shortly thereafter, another Chinese flag was raised in Seoul, termed by its administrator as part of a “multicultural program.” South Korean flags were notably absent from the scene, creating a skewed representation of national identity.

When foreign flags, especially those representing oppressive regimes, are prioritized over national symbols, it sends a concerning message to younger generations. This gradual acceptance may lead to an erosion of South Korea’s sovereignty and democratic principles.

An Escalating Threat

The operations conducted by the Chinese government are not just subtle; they’re becoming increasingly aggressive. A recent organized demonstration in Daelim-dong highlighted concerns that anti-Chinese sentiment was being framed as hatred toward the Chinese populace. This reflects a tactic we might call ‘counter-intimidation.’ While dissent is quashed within China, a significant number of expatriates can be mobilized to silence critics abroad, especially in democracies like South Korea.

Moreover, the Korean police have been observed to restrict anti-China protests, seemingly showing a troubling leniency toward intimidation tactics against their own citizens. This selective law enforcement raises concerns about deference to Chinese government sensitivities.

Ultimately, the Chinese government presents a significant threat to South Korea’s identity and future. Xi Jinping’s endorsement of demographic initiatives at the recent APEC summit may signify far more than a simple diplomatic overture. It suggests a deeper, more strategic interest—one resembling the demographic shifts experienced in China’s Xinjiang province, where changes have drastically altered the ethnic landscape.

A Strained Alliance

The implications for the U.S.-South Korea alliance are serious. Consider how these dynamics could unfold in a future conflict, such as a crisis in the Taiwan Strait. If South Koreans have been conditioned to accept Chinese authority, would they back U.S. military actions from bases in Korea? Or would they yield to Chinese pressures? This conditioning is already happening, leading to concerns about the potential weakening of the U.S.-ROK alliance.

So, what can be done to counteract this ‘soft intrusion’ gripping Korean society? Raising awareness and dispelling confusion are crucial first steps. The South Korean government needs to establish clear legal frameworks that distinguish cultural exchanges from political indoctrination. There must be protocols in place for swiftly removing unauthorized foreign military symbols whenever they appear.

All these issues point to a much larger picture than just a flag or occasional cultural displays. The United States needs to recognize that the strategic and political landscape in South Korea is shifting. If proactive measures are not taken against this ‘soft intrusion,’ the U.S.-South Korea alliance may unravel, allowing communist forces to gain a stronger foothold in a region of pivotal global importance.