Understanding Restless Legs Syndrome
Karla Dzienkowski’s daughter, only 11 at the time, began experiencing discomfort at night, expressing her inability to sleep due to a stabbing sensation in her legs. Walking around seemed to provide some relief.
This issue affected her mood and energy levels. The girl became irritable and struggled academically, even dozing off during a family trip to an amusement park, Dzienkowski recounted.
After three long years, they finally identified her condition: restless legs syndrome.
Research suggests that between 4% and 29% of adults in developed countries may suffer from this syndrome. It’s often overlooked, as many individuals, along with healthcare professionals, fail to recognize or manage it adequately, according to Dzienkowski, who leads the Restless Legs Syndrome Foundation.
Experts emphasize the importance of awareness. Dr. John Winkelman, from Massachusetts General Hospital, explains that restless legs syndrome is a neurological disorder marked by an uncontrollable urge to move, often accompanied by an uncomfortable sensation.
This unsettling feeling—often described as crawling, tingling, or aching—usually affects the legs, but sometimes the arms as well, he noted.
Those with the syndrome may feel restless particularly while sitting or lying down, yet movement often alleviates the discomfort. Symptoms commonly manifest at night, making it a recognized sleep disorder.
In more severe cases, the syndrome can strike several times a week; and in extreme situations, may even delay sleep by hours, as stated by Dr. Brian Koo from Yale School of Medicine.
Two main factors contribute to who develops this condition: genetic predisposition and iron levels.
Restless legs syndrome often runs in families, with genetics accounting for about 20% of cases. Winkelman highlights that individuals with iron deficiencies, such as pregnant women or those undergoing dialysis, are also more prone to this syndrome.
Moreover, using certain antidepressants, specifically selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, might increase susceptibility. Remarkably, the syndrome is about twice as common in women compared to men and becomes more prevalent with age. However, Dzienkowski discovered that even children can experience it.
When it comes to treatment, the initial approach often involves identifying triggers, which could include alcohol, specific medications, or high-sugar foods. Winkelman suggests addressing any iron deficits—sometimes oral supplements or infusions are necessary.
Dzienkowski also indicates the utility of personal strategies for managing symptoms. She recommends techniques such as using hot or cold packs, massage, taking walks, or engaging in mentally stimulating activities.
Interestingly, she mentions that staying mentally engaged seems to help keep symptoms at bay.
If lifestyle changes and iron supplementation aren’t effective, there are medications available. Doctors frequently start patients on alpha2-delta ligands like gabapentin or pregabalin. Historically, dopamine agonists were a go-to treatment but are now less favored as they may worsen symptoms over time.
For the most intense cases, doctors may resort to low-dose opioid medications.
If you find yourself compelled to move your legs while resting and this disrupts your sleep, it’s advisable to consult a medical professional. Dzienkowski points out that not all healthcare providers are familiar with restless legs syndrome, so seeking a referral to a sleep specialist can be beneficial.
It’s also recommended to get lab tests done, especially checking iron levels. “The sooner, the better,” Dzienkowski emphasizes, as delays in diagnosis can significantly impact daily life. Feeling tired, irritable, or disinterested might actually stem from this condition invading your daytime activities. At the very least, do consider discussing it with your doctor.
