El Salvador’s New Controversial Electoral Changes Under President Bukele

President Nayib Bukele of El Salvador has introduced a significant shift in the nation’s electoral framework, facilitating his path to remain in power. This new bill, recently passed, extends presidential terms to six years and allows for unlimited re-election.

Previously, the presidential term lasted five years, with immediate re-election not permitted. However, in 2021, a Supreme Court decision—composed of justices appointed by Bukele’s party—concluded that a president could run for a second term. Critics have since claimed that Bukele’s potential re-election in 2024 is unconstitutional.

The Legislative Assembly, backed by Bukele’s allies, utilized their supermajority to amend five articles in the Constitution. On July 31, the measure was approved with a vote of 57-3.

“It’s quite straightforward, El Salvador: the citizens have the power to decide how long to support civil servants, including the president,” said Figueroa, a supporter of the reform. “We have the authority to determine our backing for the president and other elected officials.”

Yet, not all lawmakers are on board. Some have expressed discontent over the legislation, lamenting what they see as the demise of democracy. Marcela Viratro, from the nationalist Republican alliance, asserted, “The democracy in El Salvador has died!” She went on to warn that unlimited re-election leads to power accumulation and weakens democratic institutions.

Despite being initially elected in 2019 with a crime-fighting agenda that has gained popularity among voters, Bukele is viewed as a polarizing figure. He has effectively reduced murder rates, although human rights organizations caution that innocent individuals have been ensnared in widespread arrests. A report from Human Rights Watch in July 2024 highlighted around 3,000 children victimized in the 2022 crackdown on violence, illustrating the severe impact on families.

Last year, Bukele claimed he would perhaps reconsider seeking a third term after constitutional changes, but he stated he wouldn’t pursue it. As the political climate evolves in El Salvador, many will be watching closely to see how these developments unfold.