An increasing number of young individuals, some as young as 20, are facing death from colorectal cancer. The recent passing of actor James Van Der Beek, who was diagnosed with colorectal cancer in 2023 and died at 48, has thrust this issue back into public awareness.
The Conversation U.S. engaged gastrointestinal oncologist Christopher Lieu and cancer researcher Andrea Dwyer to shed light on the rise of early-onset colon cancer and offer insights on preventive measures for young people.
Why are more young people getting colorectal cancer?
Researchers point to several factors tied to the rise of colorectal cancer among the youth, yet there’s no definitive explanation for this trend.
Lifestyle choices, including diets high in ultra-processed foods and alcohol, along with physical inactivity, have been correlated with early-onset colorectal cancer. However, these associations don’t definitively prove causation.
Attention is also focusing on the gut microbiome, the ecosystem of microorganisms in our digestive system. An imbalance in these microbes, termed dysbiosis, might lead to inflammation and other health issues, including a heightened risk of cancer.
What increases your risk of developing colorectal cancer?
Aside from genetics, various lifestyle choices can elevate one’s risk for colorectal cancer.
A poor diet, particularly one that is rich in red meat and processed foods while lacking in fiber, can contribute to increased cancer risk. Alcohol consumption has also been linked to cancer, with even small amounts elevating the risk.
Furthermore, factors such as smoking, obesity, and insufficient physical activity continue to be associated with a higher likelihood of developing cancer.
What’s the survival rate for young people with colon cancer?
There’s ongoing debate regarding the survival rates of those diagnosed with early-onset colorectal cancer compared to those who develop it after 50.
Detecting cancer at an early stage can lead to surprisingly high five-year survival rates, between 80% to 90%. Conversely, when diagnosed at a later stage, the survival rates drop significantly, hovering around 10% to 15%.
Some studies indicate that young patients with metastatic colon cancer may have slightly lower survival rates compared to older individuals.
What are early symptoms of colorectal cancer?
Common indicators for early-onset colorectal cancer include blood in the stool, abdominal discomfort, changes in bowel habits, or a combination of these signs. Unexplained anemia can also be a warning signal. It’s important not to dismiss these symptoms.
Having these symptoms doesn’t mean you necessarily have colorectal cancer, but it’s wise to discuss them with a doctor. Sometimes, a colonoscopy may be recommended for further assessment.
How does colon cancer screening work?
The first step is to talk with your healthcare team about which screening test might be appropriate for you. Knowing your risk category will help guide monitoring and preventive measures against colorectal cancer.
For those with an average risk, typically defined as having no personal or significant family history of colorectal cancer, screening is usually recommended to start at age 45 and continue at regular intervals until 75.
Individuals considered at high risk, due to personal or family history of colorectal cancer, hereditary cancer, or lifestyle factors, may need more frequent screening, with colonoscopy being the only recommended test for them.
How can you reduce your risk of colon cancer?
Engagement and proactive measures are crucial. Have conversations with your healthcare team about your history and any symptoms. This is essential for identifying the right screening methods for you.
You can also take charge of your health by adopting healthier lifestyle choices. Engaging in regular physical activity, consuming a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and fiber while avoiding processed meats can help reduce your colorectal cancer risk. Limiting or quitting alcohol and tobacco use is beneficial, too.
Lastly, be open about your family health history. Sharing your knowledge of any polyps or colorectal cancer cases in your family with your doctor can ensure timely and appropriate testing, potentially safeguarding the health of your relatives.
