It seems that nearly every day there’s a new product being associated with a greater risk of cancer. Recent findings indicate that deli meats, alcohol, sugary drinks, and ultra-processed snacks may be linked to colorectal cancer.
In the past few months, there has been rising worry that canned sparkling water could pose a risk as well. Influencers on platforms like Instagram and TikTok have suggested that these beverages, often marketed as healthy alternatives to soda, might contain undisclosed chemicals and high levels of “forever chemicals” that could lead to cancer.
To explore this issue, HuffPost consulted two colorectal cancer experts who provided their insights on the sparkling water discussion.
How could sparkling water be connected to colorectal cancer?
The concern around sparkling water isn’t necessarily the drink itself, but rather the materials used for packaging. Many cans have protective linings or may be contaminated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) during manufacturing. Plastic bottles are another common packaging type that shows a stronger link to PFAS.
Dr. Maen Abdelrahim, a gastrointestinal oncology specialist, explains that PFAS are sometimes called “forever chemicals” because they persist in the environment and accumulate in the human body. Research has tied PFAS exposure to an increased risk of several cancers, along with various health issues including immune system damage, liver dysfunction, infertility, and thyroid disease.
While some studies have identified PFAS in popular sparkling water brands, the detected levels are usually below current federal advisory limits, according to Dr. Steven Lee-Kong, a colorectal surgeon.
Abdelrahim points out that the dosage of PFAS is crucial; the levels that leach from beverage cans are well below those associated with cancer in laboratory studies. However, even low levels of these substances are not guaranteed to be harmless. “The science is evolving, and some health organizations believe even minimal exposure could be risky,” Lee-Kong adds.
How could PFAS exposure lead to cancer?
Abdelrahim notes that PFAS can disrupt endocrine functions, promote oxidative stress, alter gene expression, and interfere with DNA repair, which could potentially contribute to cancer development over prolonged exposure.
Evidence suggests that PFAS may also disrupt the intestinal barrier. Over time, this can lead to inflammation, damaging the intestinal lining and affecting the gut microbiome. There’s a known relationship between chronic inflammation and colorectal cancer. Some PFAS might cause changes in intestinal cells that could promote tumor growth.
“While research is still ongoing and some results are inconsistent, the worry about PFAS affecting gut inflammation and cellular changes is significant when discussing colorectal cancer risk,” Lee-Kong states.
Should you be worried that sparkling water might increase colorectal cancer risk?
The reality is that the science isn’t fully established yet. Currently, there isn’t direct evidence linking canned sparkling water or seltzer to colon cancer. Abdelrahim states, “As it stands, drinking canned sparkling water is not viewed as a significant source of PFAS exposure.”
Further long-term studies are necessary to gain a clearer understanding of how canned beverages might relate to cancer risk. In the meantime, Lee-Kong advises being a mindful consumer: enjoy sparkling water in moderation and explore a variety of drink options.
Generally speaking, the safest way to stay hydrated is with filtered water. “When you do decide to have canned beverages, they should fit within a balanced and varied diet,” he suggests.
Additionally, Abdelrahim recommends concentrating on established, modifiable factors that contribute to colorectal cancer risk, like maintaining a healthy weight, reducing processed and red meat, avoiding tobacco, moderating alcohol consumption, remaining active, and adhering to appropriate screening schedules.
Regulatory bodies like the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are taking these concerns seriously and are continuously examining the risks. “Staying informed through trusted resources like the EPA and being cautious with what you consume are sensible steps for long-term health,” Lee-Kong concludes.
The original version of this story was published on HuffPost at an earlier date.
