Exercise Found to Potentially Treat Depression
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New research indicates that engaging in exercise may be just as effective as therapy and antidepressants for treating depression.
The Cochrane review analyzed 73 randomized controlled trials involving around 5,000 adults diagnosed with depression. The study compared exercise against other active treatments, like therapy and medication, and to “inactive interventions,” such as being placed on a waiting list or in a control group.
A research team from London found that exercise could be “moderately effective” in alleviating depression symptoms compared to no treatment at all, as stated in a press release.
“There may be little or no difference in depressive symptoms between people who exercise and those who take antidepressants,” the authors noted on the Cochrane website.
This review found that light to moderate-intensity exercise was more effective at relieving depression symptoms than vigorous exercise.
Interestingly, while no single type of physical activity emerged as the best, mixed programs that included resistance training appeared to be “more effective” than just aerobic activities. However, some exercises like yoga and stretching weren’t included in the analysis, which suggests they might be worth exploring further.
Professor Andrew Clegg, who led the review, indicated in a statement that exercise “seems to be a safe and accessible option for managing symptoms of depression.” Yet, he added that while exercise may help some, it’s not a blanket solution for everyone, stressing the importance of finding an approach that individuals can maintain.
Research Limitations and Risks
The researchers did point out that some studies in the review had a high risk of bias, and that we still don’t know the long-term effects of exercise on depression symptoms. Mr. Clegg urged for “larger, high-quality studies” to find out which types of exercise work best and if their effects are lasting.
Comparisons of exercise to other treatments and their contributions to improving quality of life were described as “inconsistent and uncertain.”
While adverse events related to exercise were rare, the few that were reported usually involved muscle or joint issues or a worsening of depression symptoms.
According to the National Institutes of Health, about 21 million adults in the U.S. have experienced at least one major depressive episode recently, which represents roughly 8.3% of the adult population.
The researchers suggested that future studies should focus on enhancing the quality of research, identifying effective exercise characteristics for different populations, and ensuring diverse participation in studies to address health equity concerns.
Symptoms of depression can include sadness, hopelessness, anxiety, guilt, irritability, and a loss of interest in activities. Additionally, signs might involve fatigue, trouble concentrating, sleep difficulties, changes in appetite, and social withdrawal. This condition is most commonly treated with antidepressants and psychotherapy, such as talk therapy. If anyone needs assistance, consulting a healthcare professional is advisable.
