New Test Detects Multiple Fungal Diseases Rapidly

Researchers from Indiana University have developed a new molecular test capable of quickly identifying three significant disease-causing fungi. This advancement could greatly accelerate treatment compared to traditional diagnostic methods.

The findings were shared at the recent Association for Molecular Pathology 2025 Annual Meeting and Expo held in Boston.

Histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, and coccidioidomycosis—fungi often associated with contaminated soil—can be found in various regions across the United States. These conditions are frequently confused with other respiratory illnesses, leading to missed or delayed diagnoses for potentially serious infections.

This new real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test focuses on genetic markers specific to each fungus, avoiding the lengthy culture process complicated by the fungi’s ability to adapt between their environmental and human forms.

In comparison to standard testing methods, the PCR test achieved 100% accuracy in identifying all samples. Additionally, it was 100% specific, meaning it did not incorrectly identify other fungi or contaminants.

“Our assay has the potential to significantly improve turnaround time and diagnostic confidence for infections that have historically been difficult to detect quickly,” stated Kenneth Gavina, PhD, who led the project.

Potential to Address Gaps in Fungal Diagnostics

Histoplasmosis is most prevalent in the Ohio and Mississippi river valleys and often manifests as a lung infection in individuals exposed to soil with bird or bat droppings. Blastomycosis, found mainly in central and southeastern regions of the U.S., also acts as a lung infection but can spread to other organs like bones and skin.

Currently, there are no FDA-approved molecular tests available for these three pathogens, creating a critical need for reliable and rapid detection.

Coccidioidomycosis, also known as valley fever, generally leads to mild infections but can result in severe pneumonia or other systemic issues. This fungus is mainly found in the southwestern United States.

“Though additional clinical validation is ongoing, this assay demonstrates strong potential to fill a significant gap in fungal diagnostics,” Gavina remarked. “The absence of FDA-approved molecular tests for these pathogens makes rapid diagnosis essential.”