On a scorching summer day, there’s hardly anything as refreshing as a swim in a pool. But have you ever stopped to think about how clean that sparkling blue water really is?
As someone who studies germs, particularly in public spaces, I also teach a class on the “Infections of Leisure.” We delve into the risks associated with recreational activities, discussing safety measures without turning everyone into germaphobes. It’s a delicate balance, really.
Swimming in public pools and water parks can involve various risks, ranging from mild skin irritations to gastrointestinal issues. Yet, it’s interesting to consider all the physical, social, and mental health perks associated with swimming. Armed with a bit of knowledge and caution, you can definitely enjoy the water without worrying too much about what might be lurking beneath.
The reality of pool germs
This time of year, news articles and social media often highlight the “ick-factor” of communal swimming spots, and, well, there’s some truth to those concerns.
Fortunately, chlorine, commonly used in pools, is pretty effective at eliminating various pathogens. But there’s a catch—chlorine doesn’t work instantly and can’t kill everything.
Every summer, the CDC sends out alerts regarding swimming-related illnesses caused by germs in public pools and water parks. A recent report showed over 200 outbreaks tied to pools between 2015 and 2019 in the U.S., impacting more than 3,600 individuals. These outbreaks included skin infections, respiratory problems, and even gastrointestinal distress. While many infections are mild, some can become serious.
Germs and disinfectants
Even in pools treated adequately with chlorine, certain pathogens can survive for an extended period. One notorious germ is Cryptosporidium, a microscopic parasite that causes watery diarrhea. Its durable outer shell allows it to live in chlorinated water for up to ten days. The germ spreads when fecal matter from someone experiencing diarrhea contaminates the water, and even a minute amount can infect multiple swimmers.
Another frequent offender is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a bacterium responsible for hot tub rash and swimmer’s ear. Viruses like norovirus and adenovirus can also hide in pool water, potentially leading to illness.
Swimmers bring a variety of bodily substances into the water—sweat, urine, oils, and skin cells. Notably, sweat and urine can interact with chlorine, leading to chemical byproducts known as chloramines, which might be harmful.
Interestingly, these byproducts contribute to that strong chlorine smell many associate with clean pools. In reality, a properly maintained pool shouldn’t have a strong chlorine odor. A potent smell can actually indicate contamination, which is a bit of a red flag.
How to play it safe at a public pool
Most risks linked to pools can be minimized with simple precautions from both staff and swimmers. While most pool-related illnesses aren’t life-threatening, nobody wants to spend their sunny days feeling unwell.
Here are ten tips to help dodge germs at the pool:
- Shower before taking a dip; it helps wash off dirt and oils that can reduce chlorine’s effectiveness.
- If you’re feeling under the weather, particularly with diarrhea or an open wound, it’s best to stay out of the pool.
- Try to avoid swallowing pool water, which can help limit your exposure to germs.
- Don’t swim if you have diarrhea—it’s crucial for everyone’s safety.
- After being diagnosed with cryptosporidiosis, wait two weeks after symptoms have cleared before going back to the pool.
- Remember to take regular bathroom breaks. This applies to everyone, children included, to help prevent accidents.
- Check diapers frequently and change them away from the pool area to avoid contamination.
- Dry your ears thoroughly post-swim to help reduce the risk of swimmer’s ear.
- Avoid swimming with open wounds—if you must, ensure it’s covered with a waterproof bandage.
- Finally, rinse off again after swimming to wash away any lingering germs.
