This week, the World Health Organization (WHO) expressed worries over a notable rise in cases of the chikungunya virus. This virus, which spreads through mosquitoes, has led to outbreaks in several areas, notably La Réunion and Mayotte in the Indian Ocean.
According to various reports, from August 2024 to May 2025, there were over 47,500 confirmed cases and 12 fatalities in La Réunion, and Mayotte recorded 116 cases between March and May 2025. With more than 100 countries currently seeing local virus transmission, it raises the question: Should Australians be alarmed about chikungunya and get ready for possible cases?
Symptoms: What to look for
The most frequent symptoms of chikungunya are fever, joint pain, and swelling, which can really affect one’s quality of life. Other symptoms to be mindful of include headaches, rashes, muscle pain, nausea, and fatigue. Most people bounce back within weeks, but some experience lingering issues like fatigue and pain in the joints that can last for months or longer. In rare situations, the virus can be deadly, particularly for babies, the elderly, and those with prior health issues.
Typically, symptoms show up about 3 to 7 days after a person is bitten by an infected mosquito, though it can take as long as 12 days in some instances. There isn’t a specific antiviral drug for chikungunya, but paracetamol can assist with reducing fever and relieving pain.
How chikungunya spreads: The mosquito link
The chikungunya virus is spread primarily by female mosquitoes, especially the Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus species. These mosquitoes acquire the virus when they bite someone already infected. Once they have the virus, they can transmit it to others through their bites.
Both types of mosquitoes are notorious for their daytime biting behavior and tend to go for exposed legs and ankles. They not only carry chikungunya but are also responsible for spreading dengue, yellow fever, and Zika.
Is chikungunya in Australia? Important details
While local transmission of chikungunya hasn’t been observed in Australia, there are cases linked to travelers returning from outbreak areas. In 2023, Australia saw 42 cases; this grew to 70 in 2024, and already 90 cases have been reported in 2025. While these figures are relatively low compared to the situation overseas, the increasing presence of Aedes mosquitoes, particularly in Queensland, is raising eyebrows.
Aedes aegypti mosquitoes have been in northern Queensland since the 1800s, whereas Aedes albopictus was only first identified in the Torres Strait in 2005. As these mosquitoes continue to spread, and with climate change fostering ideal breeding conditions, the potential for local transmission in Australia is becoming more realistic.
Factors like rising temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, and higher humidity levels help expand mosquito habitats, further increasing the chances of chikungunya cases.
Interestingly, there’s some indication that Australians may have a degree of protection against chikungunya. This could be due to immunity gained from exposure to the Ross River virus, which is another local mosquito-borne virus.
Vaccines and prevention: Measures you can take
At the moment, there are two chikungunya vaccines approved in the United States, but these aren’t available in Australia yet. These vaccines are still being used cautiously as researchers assess their potential for wider distribution.
For those traveling to regions where chikungunya is prevalent, the most effective way to avoid infection is to steer clear of mosquito bites. Here are some straightforward precautions:
- Opt for loose-fitting, light-colored clothing and wear enclosed shoes.
- Use insect repellent on exposed skin and clothing.
- Sleep under mosquito nets, especially during the day when Aedes mosquitoes are more active.
These preventive measures not only guard against chikungunya but also lower the risk of other mosquito-borne diseases like dengue and Zika.
