Metformin is a widely prescribed medication, reportedly used by over 120 million individuals worldwide, making it quite commonplace in the UK.
In fact, nearly three million NHS patients were recorded to be using anti-diabetic medications, including metformin, during the 2024-2025 period.
While it’s often replaced due to various side effects, a recent study highlights a significant health advantage of the drug. This follows observations regarding its influence on brain function.
Researchers from the University of Miami’s Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center discovered that metformin might activate certain biological pathways similar to those engaged during exercise, particularly benefiting prostate cancer patients.
This raises the prospect that the number of individuals who could gain from metformin may surpass those currently prescribed the medication.
What is metformin?
This medication primarily treats type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes, and it can also help prevent type 2 diabetes in those at elevated risk. In certain instances, metformin may even aid fertility for individuals experiencing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
It works by enhancing the body’s insulin response to reduce blood sugar levels. The NHS mentions that, intriguingly, even individuals without diabetes could see benefits like improved ovulation and more regular menstrual cycles.
Unexpected health benefit
Research documented in EMBO Molecular Medicine indicated that metformin increased the levels of a natural molecule associated with energy balance and weight management in prostate cancer patients.
This is particularly relevant for men who may not be able to exercise due to treatment; metformin has been shown to elevate a molecule connected to calorie burning and weight reduction.
Dr. Marijo Bilusic, the lead author, commented on this finding, noting, “It’s striking to see a metabolic signal resembling what we link to high-intensity exercise.” He added that for patients limited in physical activity, such an effect could carry significant implications.
While exercise remains crucial for cancer patients, they can’t always engage in it regularly. It’s important to note that these findings don’t imply that medication can substitute for exercise, but they do shed light on the metabolic signals occurring in the body.
Researchers believe that alongside exercise, there could be additional methods to address the metabolic challenges that arise during prostate cancer treatment. More studies are necessary to explore this further.
Side effects of metformin
Both the NHS and Diabetes UK highlight that taking metformin with food can help mitigate potential nausea. The drug can also cause symptoms like vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, loss of appetite, and a metallic taste in the mouth.
A long-term risk associated with metformin, especially at high doses, is reduced levels of vitamin B12, which is essential for maintaining healthy red blood cells and nerves.
Severe side effects are rare but can occur. If you feel generally unwell, experience extreme fatigue, rapid or shallow breathing, chilliness, or a slow heartbeat, it’s critical to contact a doctor immediately. Similarly, if you notice yellowing of the skin or eyes, which could indicate liver issues, you should seek medical attention.
In rare cases, some people can have a serious allergic reaction to metformin. Signs of this may include sudden swelling of the lips, mouth, tongue, or throat, along with difficulty breathing—if you see these signs, calling emergency services right away is vital.
Who can and can’t take metformin?
The NHS states that metformin is generally suitable for most adults and children over the age of 10. However, there are particular groups for whom it may not be appropriate:
- Individuals who have had an allergic reaction to metformin or similar medications
- People with uncontrolled diabetes
- Those with liver or kidney issues
- Individuals suffering from severe infections
- People undergoing treatment for heart failure or who have recently experienced a heart attack
- Those with serious circulation problems or breathing difficulties
- Individuals who consume significant amounts of alcohol
If you’re taking metformin, you might have to stop temporarily for specific medical tests or surgeries, particularly those requiring general anesthesia or iodine dye scans.
Always consult a healthcare provider if you have any questions or concerns regarding your medication.
