Mosaic Panel Returned to Pompeii After WWII Theft
A travertine mosaic panel featuring erotic themes from the Roman era was returned to Pompeii on Tuesday. This artwork had been stolen during World War II by a Nazi German captain.
The Italian consulate in Stuttgart facilitated the repatriation from Germany, where it was held by the heirs of its last owner, a deceased German citizen.
Reportedly, the mosaic was gifted to the owner’s family by Captain Welmahat, who was part of the Italian military supply system during the war.
Experts have noted that mosaics from various periods—ranging from early BC to more recent centuries—are considered to possess “extraordinary cultural interests.” Gabriel Zuchtliegel, director of the archaeological park in Pompeii, explained that this mosaic marks a shift in artistic themes, moving from traditional heroic figures to more intimate subjects. “It’s a moment when domestic love becomes significant in art,” he noted.
The heirs of the last owner reached out to the Carabinieri, the Roman forces tasked with safeguarding cultural heritage, seeking guidance on how to return the mosaic to Italy. After verifying its origins and authenticity, authorities initiated the repatriation process in September 2023.
According to the Carabinieri, working closely with Pompeii’s archaeological park was crucial to this effort.
Once returned, the panels were assigned to Pompeii’s archaeological park, where they can be properly cataloged and preserved for educational and research purposes.
“Today’s return is like healing an open wound,” Zuchtliegel remarked, expressing the hope that the mosaic could help reconstruct the narrative of first-century life before Mount Vesuvius erupted in A.D. 79, burying the city.
The superintendent of the park pointed out that the actions of the heirs signify a notable shift in attitudes, as “the burden of ownership of stolen art becomes heavy.” He also mentioned that they frequently receive letters from individuals who feel compelled to return items they took from Pompeii.
Zuchtliegel recalled the notion of “The Curse of Pompeii,” a superstition claiming that those who take artifacts from the ancient city will face misfortune.
Many believe the legend, which is supported by tourists who have returned stolen goods, insisting they experienced bad luck after their thefts.
