As GLP-1 weight-loss medications like Ozempic and Wegovy gain traction, experts are cautioning that quick weight loss and drastic calorie cuts might rob the brain of essential energy and nutrients. Dr. Tommy Wood, a pediatrics and neuroscience professor at the University of Washington, mentioned that the brain’s reaction to these medications could hinge on whether enough energy and nutrients are being supplied during weight loss.
“The brain is your most energy-hungry organ in the body,” Wood stated during an interview at Strong NY, New York City’s largest fitness and wellness event. He outlined a concept of “energy availability,” suggesting a spectrum that impacts brain function.
Wood also pointed out that “brain reserve”—the amount and condition of brain tissue—follows a bell curve in relation to energy availability. When there’s an excess of energy, often seen in obesity and metabolic diseases, it can harm the brain’s resilience, leading to issues like damaged blood vessels and insulin resistance.
However, in certain situations, GLP-1 medications may positively impact cognitive function by reducing blood pressure and enhancing blood sugar management. On the flip side, Wood warned that low energy levels could pose structural risks to the brain. It heavily depends on a steady supply of energy, and extreme calorie restrictions might force it to break down its own tissue.
He referenced a study on marathon runners, indicating that the brain’s white matter actually shrank during the race due to energy shortages. Yet, recovery was noted once the runners had a chance to rest and refuel. “The brain is really energy-hungry,” he reiterated, noting it can even reduce its size when energy is lacking.
Concerns regarding muscle loss when using GLP-1 medications are a bit more nuanced, according to Wood. Some of the initial loss in “lean mass” can actually be excess fat accumulating in the muscles. “So technically, your muscles get smaller, but you don’t get weaker,” he explained, adding that muscle quality and function might actually improve.
However, he cautioned that drastically reducing food intake while on these medications can lead to serious deficiencies in crucial nutrients for the nervous system. “If you’re not eating enough, you’re not getting the nutrients vital for brain health,” he said, highlighting the importance of omega-3s, iron, and protein.
Protecting the brain during weight loss
To maintain brain health during weight-loss efforts, Wood suggests combining dieting with resistance training at least twice weekly to support muscle mass and promote brain growth factors. Adequate intake of key “neuro-nutrients” like B vitamins, vitamin D, iron, and omega-3 fatty acids is also essential in preventing long-term cognitive issues.
In conclusion, while beginning a weight loss journey with these medications can be beneficial, Wood advises being cautious not to push the boundaries too far, ensuring that all necessary nutrients for brain function are consumed adequately.
