Depo-Provera Linked to Increased Risk of Brain Tumors
Women using Depo-Provera may have a heightened risk of developing a slow-growing brain tumor known as meningioma. This has come to light as the contraceptive’s manufacturer, Pfizer, faces numerous lawsuits alleging they were aware of these potential risks.
Depo-Provera, which contains the synthetic progestin hormone depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), is used by about one in four sexually active women in the U.S. at some stage in their lives.
Recent research has revealed that several hormonal birth control methods also present similar risks.
A study published in JAMA Network Open analyzed 25 years of health data from approximately three million women. It confirmed the association with Depo-Provera and identified small risk increases for rare but treatable meningioma tumors relating to five other contraceptives, including oral combinations and the mini-pill.
These additional medications include those containing desogestrel, drospirenone, gestodene, and levonorgestrel—hormonal components commonly found in contraception.
Of the options examined, Depo-Provera was most strongly correlated with meningioma tumors, indicating a fourfold relative risk increase. Conversely, the combined oral contraceptives and mini-pill were associated with a 1.5-fold increase in risk.
Despite these findings, the overall likelihood of developing such tumors from specific birth control is still low. Statistically speaking, about five out of every 1,000 women will develop a meningioma in their lifetime. This number only slightly increases to six per 1,000 among those using medroxyprogesterone.
Crucially, this elevated risk exists only while using the birth control, fading within five years after discontinuation of progestogen.
According to cancer epidemiologist Paul Pharoah, who did not participate in the study, “These very small increases in risk need to be balanced against the benefits of different forms of contraception.” He emphasized the importance of consulting a doctor before making any changes to birth control methods.
While meningiomas are typically benign, they can create complications by exerting pressure on nearby nerves or brain structures. Women are affected at more than double the rate of men, possibly due to hormonal influences that facilitate tumor growth.
If malignant, these tumors might lead to seizures and cognitive difficulties, often requiring surgery or radiation therapy for treatment.
For instance, Elizabeth Fleurisma, one of 75 New Yorkers suing Pfizer, experienced debilitating headaches and fatigue after nearly a decade on Depo-Provera. Following a craniotomy, not all of her tumor could be removed, necessitating regular radiation treatments.
Reflecting on her ordeal, Fleurisma shared, “When I came out of surgery, when I came home, it’s almost like I didn’t even know my environment.” She continues to suffer from vision problems, headaches, nausea, and dizziness.
In response to these findings, the FDA revised the label for the Depo-Provera injection in December 2025, now warning users of a potential link to meningiomas.
