Music and Dementia in Older Adults
A recent study suggests that older adults who engage with music, whether by listening or playing, may lower their risk of developing dementia. Researchers from Monash University in Australia analyzed data from over 10,800 adults aged 70 and above. They discovered that those who listened to music most days had a 39% lower chance of developing dementia compared to those who did so rarely or not at all.
In addition to the lower dementia risk, frequent music listeners also exhibited a 17% reduction in cognitive impairment and scored higher in overall cognitive assessments and episodic memory, which relates to recalling specific daily events.
Moreover, individuals who played musical instruments or sang saw a 35% decrease in dementia risk. Interestingly, those who both listened to and played music regularly experienced a 33% reduction in dementia risk and 22% less likelihood of cognitive impairment.
This research could provide some solace for older individuals concerned about dementia, a condition that increasingly affects millions as life expectancy rises. Simply playing some music is an easy, low-effort way to potentially ease that worry.
Emma Jaffa, a Monash honors student in biomedical science who participated in the study alongside Joanne Ryan, a professor of biological neuropsychiatry, emphasized the brain engagement that occurs when listening to music. “Listening to music engages multiple brain areas at once, acting like a full-brain workout,” she stated.
The team has several theories on why music may be beneficial, pointing to past studies indicating it enhances processing speed, language capabilities, memory, and coordination. Additionally, social interaction often accompanies musical activities, which can further bolster brain health.
As a bass player and singer herself, Jaffa finds the results particularly meaningful. She appreciates the practical implications of research that can help people. “It’s the combination of a hobby and the chance to offer actionable insights to others that really drew me in,” she shared.
A question Jaffa often encounters is whether certain music genres are more effective than others for cognitive function. While she can’t provide a clear answer at this stage—since participants weren’t surveyed on their specific music choices—she is eager to delve into this area in future studies. Related inquiries include whether music can impact cognitive decline in people younger than 70.
Given the significant challenges presented by dementia, such as speech issues, memory loss, and changes in mood, it’s understandable why researchers like Jaffa and Ryan are investigating this topic. Additionally, a study released in October in the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry suggested that having a sense of purpose might contribute to brain resilience and reduce dementia risk.
Other strategies to support cognitive health as one ages include engaging in moderate to vigorous physical activity, spending quality time with others—hopefully while enjoying music—and even partaking in household chores.
