Measles Resurgence Raising Concerns About Immunization
Measles has gained a reputation as the most contagious disease, spreading rapidly through populations lacking immunity. The situation in Pennsylvania is alarming—Patsy Stinchfield, who leads the Measles Collaborative, highlights that cases have jumped from just 12 in January to over 1,000 now, warning that such a spike could occur in any state with low vaccination rates.
This year alone, the U.S. has seen more than 4,000 measles cases, the highest figure reported in 35 years, with Pennsylvania unfortunately experiencing five deaths linked to the outbreak. New York has even declared a state of emergency due to measles.
The recent uptick in cases has left many individuals questioning their own immunity. People often ask, “Am I immune? What should I do?” Stinchfield stresses that these are essential questions during this outbreak.
The most effective defense remains vaccination. Two doses of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine are about 97% effective in ensuring immunity. Dr. Adam Ratner, a pediatric infectious disease specialist, reassures that the measles vaccine is safe, effective, and provides lifelong protection.
But what happens if someone isn’t sure about their vaccination status or received only a single dose? The advice seems to differ based on specific circumstances.
If Born Before 1957
The general assumption is that those born before 1957 are immune, having likely encountered measles in childhood when the disease was prevalent, according to Dr. Larry Kociolek, a pediatric infectious disease specialist. He states that most people in this age group likely gained natural immunity from previous infections.
If they did contract measles, they should certainly be protected, although that’s contingent upon surviving the disease—prior to the vaccine, measles claimed 400 to 500 lives annually in the U.S.
If Vaccinated Before 1968
Those vaccinated between 1957 and 1968 may need a booster since the vaccine used during that time was less effective. If there’s any uncertainty about which vaccine was received, the CDC suggests consulting with a doctor regarding receiving one or two additional doses of the MMR vaccine.
If Received Just One Dose of MMR Vaccine
Initially, children only received one dose of the MMR vaccine, but that changed in 1989 when experts identified that two doses were necessary to effectively prevent outbreaks. This recommendation remains today.
Kociolek points out that children require enhanced protection due to their frequent exposure in group settings, such as schools and daycares.
If You’re in a Higher-Risk Group
Typically, one dose of the MMR vaccine is deemed sufficient for most adults, given that it boasts a 93% effectiveness rate. However, those in high-risk environments—like healthcare workers or college students—should consider getting a second dose, especially since recent measles cases involve many unvaccinated adults. Individuals over 20 lacking immunity are particularly vulnerable to severe complications.
Stinchfield adds that two doses also help shield those who can’t receive the MMR vaccine themselves, such as pregnant women or immunocompromised individuals.
If Unsure About Your Immunization History
For those uncertain about their vaccination status, blood tests can determine antibody levels, but these tests aren’t foolproof, according to Dr. William Moss. A negative result doesn’t automatically mean someone isn’t protected.
While testing may involve covered medical costs, getting another MMR vaccine is typically covered by most insurance plans. Moss suggests that if one doubts how many vaccinations they’ve had, it’s wiser and more cost-effective to simply get an additional dose of the MMR vaccine—there’s no risk in getting more than one dose. Ultimately, it’s better to be protected against measles than to risk infection.
