There’s been a noticeable uptick in discussions and headlines surrounding the increase in colorectal cancer among younger adults. It’s concerning and seems to be gaining attention. The rise in cases for people under 50 prompted the American Cancer Society to change its recommendations in 2018, suggesting that average-risk screenings begin at 45 instead of 50.
Riding this wave of public awareness, the society has recently updated its screening guidelines to include new testing options that align with recent scientific findings, which could potentially enhance access to healthcare.
As someone who has worked nearly two decades in public health on colorectal cancer prevention, I find that offering a broader range of screening methods can lead to earlier detection or even prevent the cancer from developing.
What’s New in the Updated Screening Guidelines?
The updated guidelines present two new screening options. One is an at-home test that analyzes stool samples for hidden blood and other molecular indicators that might suggest colorectal cancer. It’s recommended to take this test every three years.
The second option is a blood test available at a doctor’s office for patients who don’t want to undergo a colonoscopy or a stool test. Importantly, the guidelines still allow patients to choose between a stool test and a visual exam, like a colonoscopy, as primary screening methods.
For those with an average risk of colorectal cancer, screening is advised to start at 45 and to continue until age 75 or as directed by a doctor.
Which Colorectal Cancer Screening Test is Better?
If there’s a family history of colorectal cancer or any hereditary syndromes or signs such as blood in stool, a colonoscopy is the only recommended test.
For those aged 45 at average risk, doctors might suggest stool and blood tests. However, since these options are relatively new, many medical offices might not offer them right away.
Ultimately, though, the best test is the one that gets performed.
Can I Opt for a Blood or Stool Test Instead of a Colonoscopy?
Colonoscopy is still the preferred screening test. Particularly for patients displaying symptoms or those at higher risk, it is recommended. Even those at average risk may still need to undergo a colonoscopy.
While stool tests are less invasive than colonoscopies and widely utilized, the new stool tests have significant advancements in detecting polyps and other abnormalities.
The new blood tests are only recommended for patients who refuse colonoscopies or stool tests. However, it’s crucial to note that the new blood tests have lower sensitivity compared to the others for cancer prevention, although ongoing research is likely to yield more options in the future.
In summary (well, pun intended), a colonoscopy will still be necessary if either of the non-invasive tests yields concerning findings.
What Are Some Early Symptoms of Colon Cancer?
Often, there aren’t any early signs or symptoms of colorectal cancer, which is why beginning screenings at 45 is critical, especially for those with a family history or genetic predisposition. Common symptoms can include blood in the stool, altered bowel habits, pain, or unexplained weight loss of ten pounds or more.
If any of these symptoms arise for you, regardless of age, it would be wise to consult a physician about the possibility of a colonoscopy.
How Can I Lower My Risk of Colon Cancer?
To mitigate the risk of colorectal cancer, individuals of average risk should start screening at age 45.
Stay attentive to your body. If you notice any unusual changes or symptoms, don’t hesitate to discuss them with your healthcare provider.
Making healthy lifestyle choices plays a significant role in reducing cancer risk. Aim for at least thirty minutes of physical activity a day, maintain a balanced diet filled with fruits and veggies, and try to limit processed foods.
Additionally, cutting back on alcohol and steering clear of smoking can also help lower your risk for colorectal and other types of cancers.
