When someone gets a diabetes diagnosis, it’s typically straightforward—either Type 1 or Type 2.
The global prevalence of diabetes has surged, surpassing 800 million cases just last year. Experts predict this figure will hit over 853 million by 2050.
But some may not be aware that these rising numbers might also include a lesser-known condition often confused with the more common types: type 1.5 diabetes.
So what exactly is type 1.5 diabetes? What triggers it, what symptoms should one look out for, and how is it managed? Can it be prevented?
What is type 1.5 diabetes?
Type 1.5 diabetes, sometimes referred to as latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, is an autoimmune disorder that mainly presents in adults.
As Dr. Deena Adimolam explains, this condition shares similarities with type 2 diabetes. Both genetic and immune elements may play a role in diagnosis.
“The term describes patients whose insulin production has diminished somewhat due to a decline in pancreatic beta cell function,” she notes.
While people with type 1.5 diabetes can create insulin, it often isn’t enough over time.
Estimates suggest that about 50 million individuals are affected by type 1.5 diabetes, according to the World Health Organization.
What are the causes and symptoms of type 1.5 diabetes?
The causes and symptoms of type 1.5 diabetes don’t significantly differ from those of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
In fact, type 1.5 diabetes often gets misclassified as type 1 or type 2, as highlighted by research.
Dr. John Busse from the University of North Carolina emphasizes, “It’s crucial for individuals with type 2 diabetes who aren’t doing well with standard treatments to consider the possibility they might actually have type 1.5.”
The symptoms typically include nausea, fatigue, and vomiting, among others like blurred vision, frequent urination, increased thirst and hunger, yeast infections, and weight loss.
Long-term complications can include a higher risk of developing heart disease.
Can type 1.5 diabetes be treated or prevented?
While type 1.5 diabetes can be managed with medication for some time, many individuals may not need insulin in the early stages.
Dr. Aminat Ogun states that lifestyle changes, including healthy eating and regular exercise, are vital for managing the condition.
There are medications, such as metformin and Jardiance, available for blood glucose control, and insulin shots may also be necessary later on.
Despite treatment options, there’s no surefire way to prevent type 1.5 diabetes, as its genetic factors can increase the likelihood of developing it in children as well.
