Lebanon Takes Steps Toward Sovereignty

Last week, the Lebanese government made a significant decision to regain full control over its territory by pledging to disarm all groups with heavy weapons, particularly focusing on Hezbollah.

For over four decades, Hezbollah has wielded both military and political power in Lebanon, undermining the nation’s independence and creating instability in the region. Recently, the Lebanese state has ramped up efforts to assert its sovereignty. This is quite a remarkable change, especially considering that just a year ago, the militia’s influence felt nearly unbreakable.

The past year has been tumultuous, with severe Israeli bombing campaigns in Lebanon and Iran. The Assad regime’s recent collapse in Syria has further weakened Hezbollah’s military infrastructure. Still, despite facing increased isolation, groups tied to Iranian support manage to maintain some level of influence. Until they disarm, however, they pose a significant threat—not only to Lebanon but to regional stability as a whole.

U.S. envoy Tom Barrack has recently held multiple discussions in Beirut, presenting a multi-phase plan aimed at reducing the military tensions between Hezbollah and Israel since the November 2024 ceasefire. Meanwhile, Lebanese Prime Minister Nawaf Salam and President Joseph Aung have indicated that the Trump administration and its allies might reconsider future diplomatic and financial support for Lebanon unless there’s a tangible commitment to dismantling Hezbollah’s arsenal. Speaker of the Congress, Nabi Beli, representing a large Shia demographic, has also expressed the importance of this critical moment for the government as it aims to fully disarm Hezbollah by the end of 2025.

This legislation represents a beginning—the toughest tasks lie ahead. Following the passage of this law, Hezbollah’s leaders have defiantly stated their intention to retain their arms, even threatening to return to military action. It’s hard to ignore that this presents a real and immediate danger. Just days after the announcement, six Lebanese soldiers tragically lost their lives while attempting to dismantle a Hezbollah bomb factory.

Lebanon now faces the reality that failure to implement this plan could lead to severe consequences. Commitment under this agreement could guarantee support from other nations involved, like Israel, the U.S., France, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia. This is a rare chance for Lebanon to break free from the control of non-state militia groups and reclaim its monopoly on arms. Yet, success hinges on all parties maintaining their commitments.

According to the U.S. plan, Israel is to cease all military operations—ground, air, and maritime—upon directives from the Lebanese government. This is essential for the Lebanese government to initiate its disarmament strategy. It’s anticipated that within 120 days, all militias will be neutralized and Israeli forces will withdraw from Lebanon. The U.S., France, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia have pledged to reinforce the Lebanese military’s capabilities and organize an international economic conference aimed at aiding Lebanon’s recovery and reconstruction.

The U.S. and its allies must also set up a mechanism to ensure these commitments are met. Such oversight would be welcomed by the Lebanese populace eager to break the cycles of violence and corruption. Washington could further instill confidence by providing support previously approved by both the Trump and Biden administrations, particularly for the Lebanese military’s operations.

France, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia will likewise consider advancing the timeline for the proposed Donor Economic Council, assuming parties adhere to the agreement. This could encourage collaborative efforts to bolster the Lebanese army.

By embarking on this journey, Lebanese leaders have sent a pivotal message to both their citizens and the international community: they are dedicated to unifying the people, upholding the rule of law, and ensuring regional stability. Now, it’s crucial for the international community to support Lebanon during this turning point with sustainable diplomatic engagement, enforcement, financial backing, and security assistance—ensuring commitments are fulfilled and reforms are implemented to facilitate reconstruction.

Peace between Lebanon and Israel is attainable, but it requires all sides to contribute earnestly.