Health officials warn that California’s Valley fever cases may hit a record high in 2024.

Valley Fever Cases Spike in California

Health officials are reporting a sharp increase in valley fever cases across California. By the end of July, the confirmed cases reached 6,761. If this trend continues, it’s possible that the total for 2025 could surpass the 12,595 cases observed in 2024.

In the past, annual totals from 2016 to 2024 ranged between 7,000 and 9,000 cases, according to data from the California Department of Public Health (CDPH).

Persistence of Valley Fever

Erika Pan, the director of the state Department of Public Health, remarked, “Valley Fever is a serious illness that’s here to stay in California.”

The illness, named after California’s San Joaquin Valley, is caused by inhaling spores from the coccidioides fungus, which is found in the soil. Southern Arizona and Southern California display the highest concentrations of cases, but it’s worth noting that the disease also affects portions of New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, Texas, and even some areas in Washington.

Researchers have indicated that prolonged periods of drought, followed by precipitation, can enhance the growth of the valley fever fungus, releasing more spores into the air.

Dr. George Thompson, a professor at UC Davis Health and co-director of the Valley Fever Center in Sacramento, previously noted that case numbers have been climbing over the last five years, with many patients seeking diagnosis and treatment.

Risk Factors and Symptoms

Certain geographic locations elevate the risk of valley fever, but some demographics are more susceptible. This includes individuals over 60, those with weakened immune systems, pregnant women, and people with diabetes, as well as individuals identifying as Black or Filipino.

Symptoms can vary significantly but often resemble those seen in COVID-19, including fever, chills, and general malaise. Thompson mentioned, “Some individuals may experience fever, fatigue, or a general sense of sickness.”

However, he pointed out that severe cases can lead to respiratory complications. Other symptoms can include extreme tiredness, joint pain, night sweats, chest pain, severe headaches, weight loss, and skin rashes, according to the CDPH.

Thompson estimates that for 1% to 3% of people, the infection may spread beyond the lungs, potentially resulting in meningitis. Patients suffering severe symptoms may require hospitalization and ongoing care for an extended period.

Interestingly, the fungus causing valley fever often lives in the soil, which makes the risk of infection somewhat “hobby-related.” This is common among people who are into archaeology or spend significant time outdoors.

Even those not in high-risk categories might experience serious repercussions. Take the case of Rob Purdy from California, who dealt with valley fever at age 38. His infection led to meningitis, resulting in debilitating headaches and double vision.

Diagnosis and Treatment Options

While not everyone infected with valley fever requires treatment, some individuals benefit from antifungal medications. This is particularly true for those with severe symptoms or compromised immune systems, including individuals with cancer or those who have undergone organ transplants.

Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to confirm current or past infections and imaging tests like chest X-rays or CT scans to check for pneumonia.

If someone experiences symptoms such as cough, fever, or fatigue lasting more than 7-10 days, especially after being in areas where the fungus is common, they should seek medical advice.