Alzheimer’s disease, the most prevalent form of dementia, currently affects over 7 million individuals aged 65 and above, with projections indicating that this number could nearly double by 2050 as degenerative conditions continue to rise.
Recently, two innovative drugs have emerged, showing promise in reducing memory loss and the overall cognitive decline linked to the disease.
Though there remains no definitive cure for Alzheimer’s, both treatments have demonstrated potential in slowing the progression of dementia when administered in the early stages.
Rekenbi
Rekenbi, produced by Eisai and Biogen, received full FDA approval in July 2023 and is given through an intravenous infusion every two weeks. After 18 months, some patients may switch to monthly home injections. The treatment helps alleviate mild cognitive impairment and dementia by targeting and removing amyloid plaques from the brain.
This drug is categorized as a monoclonal antibody, effectively binding to beta-amyloid, a protein that forms plaques that are indicative of Alzheimer’s. Research suggests that it also eliminates protofibrils, another problematic type of protein cluster.
Patients have shown improved results in brain scans and cognitive evaluations, suggesting positive effects of the treatment.
Kisunra
Kisunra, developed by Eli Lilly, received FDA approval in July 2024. Similar to Rekenbi, it works by removing amyloid plaques and is administered via IV every four weeks.
Data indicates it might be somewhat more effective than Rekenbi, with studies showing Kisunra may slow cognitive decline by 35%, whereas Rekenbi users experienced a 27% improvement. However, it’s worth noting these results are from separate studies, making direct comparisons challenging.
Cost Implications
Both medications are notably pricey, with Rekenbi costing about $26,500 annually and Kisunra around $32,000. Thankfully, Medicare covers approximately 80% of the costs, although many private insurers may require pre-authorization.
Side Effects of Rekenbi and Kisunra
It’s important to be aware of potential side effects with both medications. A significant risk involves amyloid-associated imaging abnormalities (ARIA), which can manifest as temporary brain swelling or minor bleeding spots. Other symptoms may include headaches, dizziness, confusion, and changes in vision.
There are also risks linked to the IV infusions, such as chills, fever, nausea, and headache. Given that infusions are administered through veins in the arms and hands, bruising is a common occurrence.
Despite the possible side effects, these drugs represent significant advancements in the early treatment of Alzheimer’s. Ann White, the vice president of Eli Lilly, emphasized the importance of early intervention, stating that “these drugs provide the greatest potential benefits when individuals are treated at the onset of the disease.” With the escalating number of people at risk, efforts are underway to improve their quality of life.
