Recent Trends in Cruise Ship Outbreaks

Cruise ship outbreaks, while not rare, have been on the rise, particularly concerning gastrointestinal illnesses. Recent data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Vessel Sanitation Program indicates that there were 23 outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness recorded in this program’s jurisdiction throughout 2025.

An outbreak is identified when 3% or more of a cruise ship’s passengers or crew report gastrointestinal symptoms to medical personnel during the voyage. Although cruises are generally safe, the crowded conditions make them ideal for the spread of viruses.

As for 2026, three outbreaks have already been noted: the E. coli outbreak on the Insignia in April, the norovirus outbreak aboard the Star Princess in March, and another E. coli incident on the Seven Seas Mariner in January. Interestingly, this doesn’t include a hantavirus outbreak on the British cruise ship MV Hondius, which was managed by Oceanwide Expeditions and did not dock at any U.S. port. Tragically, three passengers on the MV Hondius lost their lives.

Common Viral Outbreaks in Cruise Ships

The most frequently reported viral illness on cruise ships is norovirus, with 214 occurrences documented between 2006 and 2026. This virus, known for its contagiousness, typically spreads through contaminated food, water, or surfaces. According to the Mayo Clinic, most individuals recover from norovirus within a few days without it being life-threatening.

Data prior to 2024 suggested that, on average, about 7% of cruise passengers experience this infection.

What to Avoid

A CDC study examining 252 cruise ships from 2006 to 2019 found a correlation between ship size, voyage length, and cases of acute gastroenteritis. It revealed that illness rates among passengers were higher on larger ships and on trips exceeding seven days. Similarly, crew members faced increased illness rates on larger ships and voyages lasting more than five days.