New Study Links Genetic Variants to Dementia Risk in Men

Researchers from Monash and Curtin University in Australia have identified hidden genetic variations that may predict dementia in men. This study involved analyzing medical data from a significant number of Australians and Americans.

The research discovered that men possessing specific variants in the hematopoietic (HFE) genes, which help manage iron levels in the body, face an increased risk of dementia. Particularly concerning are healthy men over 70 years old who carry two copies of the H63D variant—they’re at least twice as likely to develop dementia, potentially up to four times more, though having just one copy didn’t seem to heighten the risk.

A closer look at this mutation reveals that one in 36 individuals carries two copies, while one in three has just one copy. John Olynyk, a co-author from Curtin Medical School, mentioned that this abnormality does not appear to affect women, though the reasons remain unclear.

The findings, published in the journal Neurology, are based on data collected during the Aspree trial, which gathered health and aging information from over 19,000 healthy older individuals.

While individuals cannot modify their genetic makeup, Olynyk pointed out that treatment of the “brain pathways” influenced by these variants is possible. Moreover, he noted that although the HFE gene is typically tested in many Western countries, there’s no direct correlation established between iron levels and dementia risk.

“Our results indicate that offering broader testing for this gene in men might be beneficial,” he added. The study highlighted other potential mechanisms at play, such as increased inflammation and cellular damage that could contribute to the risk of brain damage.

Olynyk emphasized the necessity for more research to delve into why women do not show a similar risk increase. He noted that while the study population was predominantly Australian, replicating the research across different countries could yield more insights on this issue.

Paul Lacaze, another co-author and professor at Monash University, suggested that understanding why men with two H63D variants have increased vulnerability could lead to tailored strategies for prevention and treatment.

Additionally, it’s important to recognize that various other genetic and environmental factors might influence dementia risk. Olynyk urged that although we can’t alter genetic risks, a healthy lifestyle—like regular exercise, a balanced diet, reduced alcohol consumption, and staying mentally active—can potentially mitigate these effects.

In conclusion, researchers recommend that older adults proactively manage their health by consulting with healthcare providers to address any medical conditions that could elevate dementia risk.

The study also involved contributions from the University of Melbourne, Royal Children’s Hospital, Murdoch Children’s Institute, and Fiona Stanley Hospital.