Research on GLP-1 Medication and Exercise Rates

New research indicates that individuals using GLP-1 medications for weight loss are actually exercising less. It’s surprising but seems to be a trend. This study is set to be presented at the Endocrine Society’s annual meeting, ENDO 2026, in Chicago this week.

The researchers found that adults with obesity who lost weight using GLP-1 drugs, like Ozempic or Wegovy, exhibited a “significant reduction” in their physical activity levels. Dr. Sajana Maharjan from HSHS St. John’s Hospital noted that these medications, such as semaglutide and liraglutide, can lead to decreases in both fat and lean muscle mass.

According to Maharjan, physical activity is crucial for maintaining strength and long-term health.

This study, reportedly the first of its kind, analyzed data from a National Institutes of Health research program that connected participant records with fitness tracker data. The sample included 753 individuals, primarily women with a mean age of around 52.7 years.

Before starting treatment, participants averaged 5,047 steps per day which dropped to 4,487 steps post-treatment. Additionally, the time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity decreased from 28 minutes to 22 minutes per day.

The largest declines in physical activity were seen among men and those with joint or muscle pain. Interestingly, age, heart failure, or prior strokes didn’t seem to influence these findings.

Many might think that shedding pounds through these medications would boost physical activity, but the study showed otherwise. Maharjan emphasized that exercise needs to be encouraged alongside medication use. She stated, “The findings in our study reinforce that exercise cannot be optional for people taking these medications.”

The study observed an association rather than a direct cause. The focus on middle-aged women means the conclusions may not apply universally. Factors not covered in the research included participants’ exercise habits prior to treatment and their motivation levels.

Dr. Peter Balazs, a hormone and weight-loss specialist, also pointed out that weight loss through a calorie deficit doesn’t equate to increased mobility. Sometimes, lowering calorie intake leads the body to conserve energy, resulting in a reduced metabolic rate. He also mentioned that side effects like nausea or fatigue could diminish someone’s willingness to stay active.

For users of GLP-1 medications, Balazs stressed that incorporating exercise isn’t just a suggestion; it’s a necessity. He recommended a blend of resistance training and daily movement to maintain muscle mass and support long-term weight management.

Differing Perspectives

Interestingly, Dr. Amanda Kahn, a board-certified internist, disagreed with these findings. She argues that weight loss often motivates patients to engage more actively in their health. In her experience, when medications are thoughtfully prescribed, including attention to nutrition and exercise, they can effectively promote both weight loss and overall wellness.

Kahn added that successful treatment requires regular follow-ups and careful monitoring of a patient’s nutritional intake and body composition. She emphasized that merely prescribing the medication without additional guidance isn’t adequate, especially if a patient struggles with exercise or shows signs of muscle loss.

In conclusion, to ensure the best outcomes with GLP-1 medications, close clinical oversight is essential. If patients experience fatigue or nutritional deficiencies, these issues typically signal a need for better monitoring, not a flaw in the medication itself.