For many women using medication to protect their heart, the health benefits are well-known. However, even the best medications can lead to side effects that might be mistaken for other causes—like aging, stress, or just having a hectic week. It’s crucial to understand what’s normal and what might need a discussion with your doctor, so you can stay on top of your health. Here’s a breakdown of what cardiologists suggest women be aware of when it comes to four commonly prescribed heart medications for heart health.
Statin Drug Side Effects
Statins, such as Lipitor (atorvastatin) and Crestor (rosuvastatin), work by lowering cholesterol production in the liver, significantly reducing the risk of heart attacks and strokes. The encouraging news is that, according to preventive cardiologist Elizabeth Klodas, MD, about 90 to 95 percent of people do not face any side effects. “It’s like taking a vitamin,” she puts it.
For the 5 to 10 percent who do experience effects, here are four statin side effects to monitor:
- Muscle aches. “Typically symmetrical, affecting large muscle groups like shoulders, back, and legs,” Dr. Klodas mentions. You might notice this within the first six months.
- Liver problems. Minor elevations in liver enzymes are common at first but usually resolve on their own.
- Cognitive changes. Some users experience brain fog. “Since the brain is largely made of lipids and cholesterol, this may explain cognitive impacts,” says Mark Menolascino, MD, author of Heart Solution for Women.
- Slightly increased risk of type 2 diabetes over the long run.
The solution: Most side effects are reversible. They often fade over time or with adjustments to your prescription. Discuss changing statin formulations or dosages with your doctor, as side effects can depend on the dose. Incorporating a fiber-rich, plant-based diet and consistent exercise can also help manage your prescription needs.
Losartan Medication Side Effects
Losartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), is frequently prescribed for blood pressure management in the U.S. It relaxes blood vessels and boosts the heart’s efficiency—“a powerful benefit,” as Judith Goldfinger, MD, FACC, clinical cardiologist, puts it.
The main side effect to be aware of is elevated potassium levels—which can actually be beneficial in some cases. “If someone has low potassium or takes a diuretic, this can help balance that,” Dr. Goldfinger explains. That said, potassium levels must remain healthy, as high levels can harm the heart. Other potential side effects to consider include:
- Potential dizziness.
- Infrequent headaches.
- Fatigue.
- Minor gastrointestinal disturbances.
The solution: Mild symptoms often lessen as your body adjusts. Regular blood tests can monitor potassium, and if necessary, your doctor can recommend a different medication. Seek immediate medical attention for severe allergic reactions such as swelling or breathing troubles.
Beta-blocker Medication Side Effects
Approximately 30 million adults in the U.S. utilize beta-blockers, particularly for hypertension. “These medications reduce stress hormones like adrenaline,” explains Fady Hannah-Shmouni, MD, medical director at Eli Health. This results in a slower heartbeat and lower blood pressure.
Common beta-blocker side effects can include:
- Fatigue.
- Cold hands and feet.
- Bradycardia (slower heart rate).
- Potential weight gain.
- Loss of libido.
Some less obvious effects can be easy to overlook:
- Reduced emotional response. Patients have noted feeling less emotional due to lower adrenaline levels, says Dr. Hannah-Shmouni.
- Sleep disturbances or vivid dreams. Certain beta-blockers can interfere with sleep neurotransmitters.
- Decreased exercise tolerance. You might find workouts more challenging due to a limited heart rate increase.
If you experience breathing difficulties, call your doctor right away, especially if you also have asthma or COPD.
The solution: Don’t stop taking a beta-blocker abruptly. “Many side effects are related to dosing or temporary and can often be adjusted safely,” Dr. Hannah-Shmouni reassures. Activities like brisk walking, following a DASH or Mediterranean diet, and practicing mindful breathing can aid in maintaining healthy blood pressure naturally.
Eliquis Medication Side Effects
Eliquis (apixaban) is a blood thinner aimed at preventing and treating blood clots, particularly useful for atrial fibrillation. “It’s a highly effective blood thinner,” confirms Dr. Klodas.
The primary side effect to monitor is an increased risk of bleeding. Eliquis has an FDA “black box” warning regarding serious bleeding incidents. While minor cuts may take longer to stop bleeding and bruises longer to heal, the bigger concern is major bleeding—especially in the brain—though Dr. Klodas emphasizes that the risk is generally low for most people.
It’s important to avoid combining Eliquis with aspirin, as it can enhance side effects. “Often, Eliquis alone suffices, and adding aspirin may raise bleeding risks without additional benefits,” she warns.
The solution: Go over all medications you’re taking, including over-the-counter options like aspirin, with your doctor. A simple conversation can significantly impact your heart health.
A Heart-Smart Summary
Heart medications are life-savers and most women handle them well. But if something doesn’t feel quite right, trust your instincts and consult your doctor. Sometimes, a small dosage adjustment or change can significantly enhance your everyday well-being.
