Research on Bilingualism and Aging
New research suggests that speaking multiple languages might have a positive effect on brain aging. This was discussed at the upcoming 2026 European Neuroscience Societies Federation Forum.
The study examined brain activity in hundreds of individuals from Spain’s Basque region who were fluent in one to four languages, including Spanish, Basque, French, and English. Researchers utilized artificial intelligence to gauge the “brain age” of each participant by analyzing their brain connectivity patterns.
Interestingly, the findings indicated that bilingual individuals had brains that appeared roughly six years younger than those who spoke only one language. Those who were trilingual looked about seven years younger, while speakers of four languages seemed to have brains that were approximately 13 years younger.
Furthermore, the data pointed out that individuals who learned a second language during their early years and achieved fluency experienced even greater benefits.
Dr. Tommy Wood, a neuroscientist and performance consultant, commented that these results align with prior studies suggesting the cognitive benefits of being multilingual as one ages. “Most of the evidence indicating the advantages of learning multiple languages comes from people who were bilingual from childhood,” he mentioned. Yet, he reassured adults who may not have grown up with multiple languages that it’s never too late to start learning.
Dr. Wood stated, “There’s no definitive age after which learning another language may not be beneficial.” He’s observed that several controlled trials on older adults show notable improvements in areas such as attention, working memory, and executive function after only a few months of language study.
Learning a new language not only boosts cognitive skills but also enhances social engagement and aids the brain in processing new information. He encouraged adults not to be discouraged by mistakes, highlighting that making errors can actually facilitate learning.
“It’s essential to embrace being a beginner,” he remarked. “Mistakes are key to neuroplasticity and learning. If you embark on learning a new language, push your boundaries and accept occasional failures. That approach can help you learn more effectively.”
Nonetheless, the researchers pointed out some limitations in their study. While they accounted for variables like age, gender, and education, they couldn’t eliminate the potential impact of other factors—like lifestyle and social interactions—that could have influenced their results.
