Recent studies continue to validate an age-old medication as a potential alternative for curbing alcohol consumption.
Naltrexone, a prescription opioid pill, gained FDA approval in 1984 for treating opioid dependence. A decade later, it was also recognized for addressing alcohol use disorder.
This drug, which can be administered as a monthly injection or taken in pill form daily, was approved specifically for alcohol use disorder in 2006 and for opioid use disorder in 2010.
Naltrexone’s Mechanism of Action
The way naltrexone works is by blocking certain receptors in the brain. For those addicted to opioids, it diminishes both the “euphoric” effects of the drugs and cravings for alcohol, according to Dr. David Campbell, clinical director at Recover Together, a behavioral health facility in Bend, Oregon. He mentioned that, “Naltrexone can suppress cravings for alcohol and lessen the pleasurable effects of drinking, which can help binge drinkers reduce their consumption.”
Campbell highlighted the medication’s effectiveness for individuals who experience intense cravings or who tend to drink heavily once they start, often seeking relief or reward rather than just maintaining a habit.
Jessica Steinman, clinical director at No Matter What Recovery in Los Angeles, emphasized that naltrexone can be a “life-saving tool” for those dealing with alcohol dependency. She pointed out, “In today’s world, many are looking for medical assistance to combat various dependencies, including alcohol.”
She explained that it alters the brain’s reward system, reducing the desire for alcohol and reinforcing the idea that it’s undesirable.
Interestingly, even people who think they have a more “normal” relationship with alcohol and wish to cut back might find naltrexone helpful. However, Steinman made it clear, “We do not support moderation for those affected by alcohol use disorder. Simply ‘cutting down’ isn’t the solution.”
Possible Side Effects
The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) notes some common side effects of naltrexone, including nausea, headaches, dizziness, fatigue, and even anxiety. While these are typically mild, they can lessen as the user adjusts to the medication.
In rare instances, more severe reactions could occur—liver issues, allergic responses, or mental health concerns. Campbell cautioned, “Taking naltrexone alongside opioids can lead to rapid withdrawal symptoms, which are quite harsh.”
Statistics from the CDC reveal that over 50% of adults in the U.S. consume alcohol, with around 17% identified as binge drinkers. Alarmingly, roughly 6% are categorized as heavy drinkers. Each year, excessive alcohol use contributes to about 178,000 deaths in the country.
Dr. Donita Robinson, an associate professor of psychiatry at UNC School of Medicine, stressed how cutting back on alcohol can significantly enhance one’s health, as heavy drinking can exacerbate numerous health issues.
Robinson noted, “Naltrexone proves beneficial for individuals aiming to lessen their alcohol intake. It’s particularly effective when combined with counseling.”
She reiterated precautions for those on opioid medications, as using naltrexone can interfere with their efficacy and induce withdrawal symptoms.
Naltrexone is prescription-based, and health professionals caution against acquiring it online, warning of the risks posed by counterfeit versions. For those contemplating its use, a doctor’s evaluation is essential to assess its safety concerning individual health conditions.
Lastly, Steinman advised, “It’s vital for patients to ensure their intentions align before starting treatment with these medications.”
