Kissing Bug Disease Declared Endemic in the U.S.

A disease transmitted by the “kissing bug” has been officially classified as endemic in the U.S. by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Chagas disease, often referred to as kissing bug disease, results from a parasite called Trypanosoma cruzi, which resides in the feces of triatomine bugs, commonly known as kissing bugs. This name comes from the bug’s tendency to bite people on the face.

How Does It Spread?

The kissing bug can become infected if it bites a host carrying the parasite. It can then be transmitted to humans and animals when contaminated feces accidentally come into contact with open wounds, eyes, or even the mouth. Interestingly, while it’s somewhat rare, it can also be passed from mother to child or through contaminated blood transfusions.

Where Is It Found?

Cases that originated in the U.S.—meaning people contracted the disease without traveling abroad—have been documented in eight states: Arizona, Arkansas, California, Louisiana, Missouri, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Texas. Overall, the CDC notes that the disease is present in 32 states, primarily in the southern regions.

According to reports from Texas A&M University’s Kissing Bug Community Science program, approximately 10,000 sightings of these bugs have been submitted, and about half tested positive for the parasite. However, the actual number of people infected is unclear since Chagas disease isn’t classified as a nationally reportable illness.

What Are the Symptoms of Chagas Disease?

Chagas disease unfolds in two phases. The initial, acute phase occurs within weeks or months after infection. Symptoms may be absent or mild, presenting as fever, fatigue, body aches, or swelling around the eyelids. It’s crucial to seek treatment during this phase.

If left untreated, the disease can transition into a chronic phase, potentially causing severe health complications, including heart failure and enlargement of the esophagus or colon. Some individuals may not show any symptoms at all.

Treatment typically involves antiparasitic medications.

How to Prevent Exposure?

To reduce the risk of coming into contact with kissing bugs, experts recommend several precautions:

• Applying insecticides
• Wearing clothing that covers the skin
• Steering clear of raw vegetables and unpeeled fruits
• Using anti-flea and anti-tick treatments on pets