Impact of Divorce and Widowhood on Mortality Risk

A recent study has revealed that individuals who are divorced or widowed might face a greater risk of death compared to those still in a relationship.

Researchers in Norway examined long-term national health records to evaluate the mortality risk among those who are divorced, no longer living with a partner, or widowed. The study, which was published in BMJ Public Health, focused on around 20,000 individuals from 1984 to 2019 who were either married or living with a partner at the outset.

In the second part of the research, participants were categorized into three groups: those who remained married or living with a partner, those who had divorced or separated, and those who were widowed. The researchers then checked death records up until January 2020, as noted in a press release.

Results indicated that divorce or separation consistently correlated with higher mortality rates when compared to couples who stayed together across all phases of the study. This trend held true even after controlling for factors like age, gender, health habits, self-rated health, and feelings of loneliness.

Interestingly, being widowed was linked to about a 14% increased risk of death, with this association being most pronounced during the initial phase of the study. In the subsequent period, the connection between breakup and mortality appeared to strengthen, particularly among women.

The research team acknowledged that while the link between living alone and increased mortality risk is evident, it doesn’t imply a direct cause-and-effect relationship.

The authors emphasized the significance of addressing social disconnection in health and clinical settings to help reduce preventable deaths. Dr. M. David Rudd, a psychology professor at the University of Memphis, remarked that these findings affirm what has been understood for many years.

“Loneliness significantly impacts physical health and mental well-being,” he stated, adding that people are inherently social and that relationships play a crucial role in health, happiness, and survival. He noted that these findings are particularly relevant today, as societal isolation tends to increase in the age of digital technology.

Though limitations exist in this type of research, Rudd mentioned that this extensive longitudinal study offers vital insights into human behavior. He urged those who have experienced divorce or widowhood to recognize the importance of relationships and social connections, which don’t have to be romantic but are nonetheless essential.

“It’s quite simple,” he concluded. “Building, nurturing, and maintaining relationships is critical to health, happiness, and well-being.”