John Adams and Thomas Jefferson: A Shared Legacy

The fates of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson are intricately linked to both American independence and the Declaration of Independence. As many know, these two influential figures both passed away on July 4, 1826, marking the first significant anniversary of America’s independence.

The stark difference between the tumultuous period of 1776 and the celebratory atmosphere of 1826 is striking. In July 1776, the King of England dispatched the largest army ever to the Americas to quell the rebellious colonists. Troops began arriving in New York on July 2, the very day Congress declared that “these Colonies are, and ought to be, free and independent States.” There was certainly no guarantee of success for the Americans, yet they held onto their faith that victory was within reach. John Adams expressed his concerns and hopes to his wife, Abigail, writing on July 3, “I am keenly aware of the toil and blood and treasure that we will sacrifice to uphold this Declaration and to support and defend these nations — and yet in every darkness, I can see the bewitching light and the light of glory.” He envisioned Independence Day as “an annual festival commemorated as a day of deliverance through solemn acts of devotion to God Almighty,” one that should be celebrated with parades, games, and illuminations across the continent.

The stakes were incredibly high. If they failed, Adams, Jefferson, and their fellow patriots faced severe consequences under British law, which deemed renouncing allegiance to the Crown illegal. The only evidence required for a trial was a signed copy of the declaration. John Hancock’s bold signature on the document signified the gravity of their commitment. Even John Dickinson, a notable opponent of the declaration, found himself in a perilous situation, eventually leading forces against the British after the vote.

Yet, the people of 1776 remained resolute. For Adams and Jefferson, the threat was very real. In late 1779, while negotiating a treaty with Britain, Adams faced peril as British forces pursued him, nearly succumbing to the cold during a treacherous voyage. Similarly, in 1781, British troops almost captured Jefferson at Monticello during a critical point in the war. Both men and their contemporaries faced immense danger during this revolutionary period, but perhaps with a stroke of luck or divine intervention, they emerged victorious. Jefferson later reflected that it was “a bold and dubious election that we should make for our country, either by obedience or by the sword.”

By 1826, however, the landscape was dramatically different. The nation was thriving and enjoying a newfound sense of safety and prosperity. Citizens reveled in a government that, by then, was more committed to upholding rights than any that had existed before. The War of 1812 had confirmed their stance against Britain, which was a significant victory. Of course, issues such as slavery still loomed large, with the North having abolished it while it persisted in the South, exacerbated by the Cotton Revolution that had taken root. Still, the general sentiment during their golden anniversary was one of pride.

In the 1780s, Adams reflected on the rare opportunities afforded to Americans during this revolutionary era, stating, “The American people now have the greatest opportunity and the greatest confidence that Providence has ever promised.” Jefferson noted in a letter that “all eyes have been opened to the rights of man,” paving the way for a broader understanding of freedom.

Both Adams and Jefferson were invited to the anniversary celebrations on July 4, 1826, but their failing health prevented their attendance. Unbeknownst to the American public, they were moments away from leaving this world. On that day, as Americans celebrated their independence, both men passed away.

By then, Adams and Jefferson had reconciled after years of estrangement, a rift caused by political factions in the 1790s. Their mutual friend, Benjamin Rush, played a key role in mending their friendship. On October 17, 1809, coincidentally the anniversary of the American victory at Saratoga, Adams dreamt of the two former presidents rekindling their bond. He recorded in his dream, “One of the most extraordinary events of that year was the revival of friendship and association between the two former presidents of the United States.”

In death as in life, they were united by the cause of independence. Daniel Webster, in his eulogy for the two leaders, noted that their simultaneous passing on Independence Day stirred powerful emotions among the public. He reflected on how both men, revered for their pivotal roles, lived to witness the fiftieth anniversary of the very independence they had fought for.

As we approach the upcoming 250th anniversary of Independence Day, it feels fitting to celebrate with fireworks and bonfires, just as Adams envisioned. But it’s equally important to reflect on the gratitude owed to God and the sacrifices made by the figures of 1776. Ultimately, remembering Adams, Jefferson, and their contemporaries serves as a way to honor their legacies and the country that has flourished because of their efforts. I truly feel lucky to be part of this shared history.