A Safe Haven for Escapees in New York City

In the midst of New York City, a sanctuary awaited those yearning for freedom.

At first glance, the four-story brick rowhouse on East Fourth Street blends in with several other 19th-century structures, with its dark shutters and somewhat weathered appearance.

Yet, for the courageous souls who fled from bondage in the Southern states during the 1800s, this unassuming building acted as a refuge for those on the Underground Railroad.

A secret passageway lurks beneath a chest of drawers, revealing a two-by-two-foot opening that allowed former captives to escape towards liberation.

“We knew it was there, but we didn’t fully grasp its significance,” noted Camille Cherkovich, the curator of what is now the Merchant House Museum, reflecting on the recent underground findings.

This newfound knowledge aligns perfectly with Black History Month, a time to honor African American culture and contributions. According to Manhattan City Councilman Christopher Marte, it also brings attention to a lesser-known aspect of New York’s history that often remains overlooked.

“Many New Yorkers forget about our role in the abolitionist movement,” Marte remarked, emphasizing the Empire State’s efforts to end slavery. “This stands as tangible proof of historical events from the South.”

Architectural historian Patrick Ciccone shared similar thoughts, stating, “Being an abolitionist among wealthy white New Yorkers was quite rare.” He mentioned Joseph Brewster, the original builder of the house, who made conscious decisions in its design.

Brewster, a noted white abolitionist, constructed the building in 1832, later selling it to the Treadwell family, who were mid-tier merchants. The structure ultimately transformed into a museum, providing a unique look into domestic life of the past. In 1965, it was designated Manhattan’s first landmark.

However, it remains uncertain whether the Treadwells were aware of their residence’s connection to black history.

Experts have referred to Brewster’s work as a “deliberately hidden masterpiece,” crafted to evade the notice of slave hunters and municipal authorities.

By removing the heavy drawer from the second-floor chest, one uncovers a rudely carved rectangular gap within the floorboards. This small opening leads to a vertical space, about two feet square, leading downstairs via a ladder.

Brewster’s architectural marvel has left many architects and preservationists intrigued.

“I’ve worked in historic preservation law for three decades, and this discovery is generational,” exclaimed Michael Hiller, a preservation attorney and educator. “This is the most significant find of my career, and it’s crucial that we maintain it.”

City Councilman Harvey Epstein reaffirmed the importance of this discovery, saying, “This plays a vital role in the ongoing struggle for freedom and justice.”