More women are increasingly turning to marijuana for relief from pregnancy-related ailments, although experts are sounding alarms about potential negative side effects.
A recent national survey on drug use indicates that cannabis consumption among pregnant women is climbing. This trend is particularly notable during critical fetal development stages, as highlighted by the annual report from the Department of Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services.
Pregnant women often use marijuana to alleviate issues like stress, anxiety, nausea, sleeplessness, vomiting, and pain.
Research suggests that while marijuana can provide temporary relief from stress and trauma, many women may be unaware of the associated risks. A University of Florida survey found that about half of the pregnant respondents did not recognize the potential dangers.
Marijuana contains two primary compounds: tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). While CBD doesn’t target the brain or spinal cord, THC is responsible for inducing the euphoric “high,” as explained by Dr. Alta Dellu, a medical expert at the Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation in Minnesota. Health professionals note that modern marijuana has significantly higher THC levels than strains from the 1970s, making previous studies on its effects potentially outdated.
Despite the legalization of marijuana in numerous states, its safety during pregnancy remains a concern. For instance, excessive vitamin A can lead to birth defects, according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG).
Dr. Jamie Law, an associate professor focused on reproductive health, emphasized that the safe levels of cannabis during pregnancy are not well established. She advocates for considering safer alternatives for symptom management during pregnancy, especially for those who might struggle to reduce their cannabis intake.
Interestingly, the lack of research on the medical effects of cannabis for pregnant women is evident, with less than 1% of drug trials including pregnant participants in the past fifteen years.
Is marijuana safe during pregnancy?
Although marijuana is plant-based and legal in many areas, it’s essential to note that not all natural products are safe for pregnant women.
Presently, there are no clear guidelines regarding the frequency, timing, or dosage of cannabis use during pregnancy. Consequently, major medical organizations like ACOG, the American Association of Reproductive Medicine, and the American Academy of Pediatrics advise against its use during pregnancy or while trying to conceive.
Risks of marijuana during pregnancy
When a pregnant woman consumes marijuana, the cannabis can cross the placenta, affecting the fetus. As early as the third month of pregnancy, a developing baby’s brain has receptors for cannabis, which can influence fetal growth negatively.
A recent review encompassing 51 studies found that marijuana use during pregnancy correlates with higher risks of preterm birth and low birth weight. Children born to mothers who used cannabis may also exhibit smaller head sizes.
Furthermore, smoking marijuana during pregnancy can lead to respiratory problems. It may reduce oxygen levels and impair judgment, increasing the risks of falls and injuries—a significant concern for expectant mothers.
Recent research suggests that marijuana use can hinder concentration, memory, and learning abilities and lead to higher rates of emergency room visits and complications during elective surgeries. Experts even recognize the potential for developing substance use disorders associated with cannabis during pregnancy, due to its addictive properties.
Continued cannabis consumption, despite negative repercussions, can lead to issues like relationship struggles and neglecting significant responsibilities, as noted by Dr. Tiffany Benjamin, a psychiatrist specializing in cannabis use.
Users may experience side effects ranging from dry mouth and red eyes to memory problems and exacerbated anxiety. Ultimately, while there are some who swear by its benefits, the overall consensus from health professionals leans toward caution.
